The Truth About Lynas In Kuantan

By:  Melinda Mazhar
mynewshub

Lynas, a simple, honest chemical processing plant in Kuantan, is somehow dragged into politics by irresponsible politicians who are out of genuine issues to fight for.  Now, these politicians disguise themselves as environmental champion, plan to hold a protest to stop Lynas from operating, claiming that the chemical processing is hazardous to human and the environment.

However, they are not at all interested in going by the law and apply for a court injunction to legally and seriously stop the operation which is evident that this protest is nothing but a political stunt.

Tireless efforts are made by the Lynas team to explain, but these desperados refuse to listen or even visit the plant.  As such, there seems to be no ending to this Lynas issue.

Believe it or not, the public are not all aware of this whole thing about Lynas controversies.   Now, here’s what it’s all about:

FACTS AND FALLACIES OF LYNAS PART 1

Allegations by Oppositions:	Facts:
Lynas takes advantage of weaknesses in Malaysian law by proposing China standard.	Malaysia’s law on radiological safety and health is AT PAR if not STRICTER THAN any of those used internationally.  Lynas has never proposed the used of any China’s standard.
Australian law restricts construction of such plant within 35km radius of residential area.	There is no such Australian law or even other international law on this.  The nearest town to Mt. Weld, Laverton just HAPPENS TO BE 35km away.   The distance is not a requirement.
Lynas brought in lanthanide concentrate without license.	Lynas DID NOT and HAS NEVER brought in any lanthanide concentrate into Malaysia.  The logistical trial run carried out by Lynas used an empty container instead.
Lynas came to Malaysia to avoid strict Australian rules.	Malaysia regulatory requirements IS EQUAL TO or STRICTER THAN that of Australia’s.  But, Malaysia is chosen for its:-          conducive and competitive investment climate -          optimum resources.
Lynas was chased out from Terengganu due to environmental reasons.	Lynas WAS NEVER chased out of Terengganu.  But, Gebeng has the required port facilities, reliable support facilities and technically competent work force.
Lynas is a nuclear plant.	Lynas is NOT a nuclear plant but a simple chemical processing plant operating at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.  Therefore, there will be no fire or explosion that will cause radioactive dispersion and contamination into the environment.
Lynas is the same as the controversial Asian Rare Earth (ARE) plant.	ARE uses monazite as raw material and Lynas DO NOT use monazite.    Lynas’s raw material radioactivity is 37 times LESS than ARE.  Lynas residue is 60 time LESS radioactive than ARE.
Environment will be polluted because the plant is located in a swampy land with shallow water table.	Lynas original site is about 2 m above the water table.  The site has been prepared by replacing with 1.4 m local fill making the site 3.4 M. above water table.  The RSF is built on top (not excavated) of the new site.  The base of the temporary storage facility is 0.75 M. thick making the base now 4.15 M ABOVE WATER TABLE.  The wall of the storage facility is 9 m high.  Radioactive Exposure Prevention measures taken by Lynas: -          Thorium is not soluble in water and thus can be precipitated and separated out. -          HDPE liner will prevent leaching -          Clay (layer below HDPE) has very low permeability to water and that will further prevent any possible leaching. -          Thorium has strong affinity (stick strongly) for clay, thereby further reducing leaching. -          An under liner leak detection system (ULLDS) monitors and detects any possible leak.
Lynas will cause radioactive rain from the gas released by the stack.	In a worst case scenario, the Radiological Impact Assessment estimated that stack release may only contribute 0.002mSv/year to the public which is 500 TIMES LESS THAN THE MAX. PERMISSABLE DOSE LIMIT set by the AELB (1 mSv/year)
The plant uses a lot of acid that can contaminate the soil.	All process areas are built on BUNDED CONTAINMENT CONCRETE structure.  Any acid spill will be contained in the bund and WILL NOT come into contact with the ground.
Lynas did not carry out study on internal radiation exposure.	Lynas carries out RIA in accordance to all regulatory requirements and IAEA standards.  RIA is an assessment of total dose and risks to critical targets (eg. workers and public) calculated based on all possible exposure pathways.  This means that both external and internal exposures were already considered.
Lynas operation will induce cancer and caused deformed newborns.	Statistic from Ministry of Health 2007 shows that cancer prevalence is 720 cases per million.  BEFORE LYNAS the, estimated fatal cancer from background radiation at Lynas site is 35 cases per million.   With Lynas in operation, based on the 0.002 mSv/y,  the estimated fatal cancer is 0.1 case per million.
Radon and Thoron can travel thousands of miles and cause health problems.	Radon and Thoron are radioactive gases with VERY SHORT HALF LIVES AND WILL NOT TRAVEL FAR.  Once formed, these radionuclides will immediately transform into solid and cannot travel at significant distances from its base.The dose rate at Lynas outside fence: Radon – 0.00002 mSv/year Thoron – 0.002 mSv/year
No level of radioactivity is safe.	Radiation is all around us.  Some areas in Perak, Selangor and Langkawi have higher than the average Malaysia’s level of radiation but posed no hazardous onsequences.  Radiation is also used in the medical field and it is perfectly safe.

FACTS AND FALLACIES OF LYNAS – PART 2

Allegations by Oppositions:	Facts:
Lynas brings no benefits to Malaysia and Kuantan	FDI value of RM2.3 billion with annual OPEX of RM600 million.  Total contracts for Malaysian contractors is RM1,168 million of which RM513 million is for Kuantan contractors. Employment opportunities with Lynas stands at 350 direct employees, 300 contract staff and 1000 indirect employees through supporting industries. Potential downstream industry, Siemen – Lynas JV employment for 1200.
The residue will be stored permanently at the site.	No residue will be stored permanently on-site.  Even though the RSF is a temporary storage facility it was designed and built to international standards of permanent storage facility.
Lunas produce 32000 ton of WLP per year with 0.165% Thorium ie. 50 ton of Thorium per year.	Lynas operation is neither extracting nor concentrating the thorium content.  Although the volume is large the concentration remains the same.
Lynas declares the residue as non-radioactive based on China standard of 74 bq/g	Lynas has declared to the AELB that its raw material and WLP contain low level naturally occurring radionuclides, from the very beginning.  Lynas has and will comply to Malaysia and international safety standards.
Australia requires waste to be returned to mine.	No such law in Australia.  Waste will be stored in accordance with Malaysia’s regulatory requirements.
Lynas Malaysia is managed by Australians.	Lynas Malaysia is fully manned and managed by Malaysians with five rare Earth experts from China and India.

Additional Information:

Beneficiating WLP Residue

Lynas started R&D to commercialize the application of WLP residue since 2009, with international and national organizations.  Eg. ENTECH (Australia) – ANSTO, SGS, Lakefield Ore Test (Australia), Australia Radiological Services (ARS), HAZMAT Service Pte Ltd. (Australia), IKRM, Physialia (UK), SIRIM.

Lynas has successfully:

- established a method to reduce the radioactivity concentration from 6Bq/g to below the 1Bq/g (limit set by AELB)

- Made WLP non leachable and non toxic

• a~ has successfully treated WLP residue with chemical immobilizer and stabilizer.
• b~ toxicocity testing involved EC50 Dafnia sp acute immobilization test.

Commercial application:

- To be used as hard-core based for road construction and car park (this is also recommended by the UK’s Health Protection Agency)

MCA's Great Achievers

MCA ~ Malaysian Chinese Association

Tan Koon Swan:  in 1986, he was sentenced to two years’ jail by the Singapore High Court for criminal breach of trust relating to the collapse of Pan Electric Industries.

Ling Liong Sik: former party president and long-time minister has been charged with cheating and misleading the government in the Port Klang Free Zone scandal.

Chan Kong Choy: former party president and minister charged with several counts of deceiving former PM Abdullah Badawi into approving deals linked to the PKFZ.

Chua Soi Lek: current party president who resigned in 2008 after being featured in a sex VCD with a woman who was not his wife.

Kee Yong Wee: deputy trade minister was jailed for his role in the Komuda, the deposit-taking cooperative, in which the cash deposits of many ordinary Chinese members were found to have been misappropriated to save companies owned by some MCA leaders. The total loss was estimated to be RM3.6 billion.

Wang Choon Wing: deputy minister was jailed in 1987 with criminal breach of trust in a deposit-taking cooperatives scandal.

Will the Guan Eng-Soi Lek debate bring any benefit?

February 15, 2012
FMT LETTER, From Jackson Ng, via e-mail

Based on the feedback from internet news portal readers, I am also as puzzled as most of them – why should DAP secretary-general and Penang Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng accept to debate with Dr Chua Soi Lek, a womaniser who is leading a party that supports immorality?

It is also equally puzzling why Chua would want such a debate when the stakes are stacked against him. When MCA cannot even defend the dignity of the Chinese when publicly insulted by Ibrahim “Perkasa” Ali, do you really expect him to be able to defend the misdeeds and corruption-saddled Barisan Nasional (BN)?

Can he really tick off the misdeeds of Umno for allowing Ibrahim to freely spew seditious garbage against Christians and non-Muslims in a bid to fan emotions and racial hatred?

Up to today, has Chua made any strong statements to tick off Ibrahim and Cowgate Sharizat?

Either Chua has something up his sleeves to make a fool out of Lim or he has gone desperate and cuckoo.

As for Lim, he must remember that he is no more just the secretary-general of DAP. He is the current Penang Chief Minister and he must be a leader of all Malaysians, irrespective of race. So, he must be wary of his position and to maintain the dignity of his position and office. So why engage with this zina?

The only reasons that I can think of, for Lim to agree to debate the wife-cheating Chua is that Chua would be “easy meat” in a debate or perhaps, Lim could not resist the opportunity to be on Astro AEC TV, which is a worst excuse for accepting the debate challenge.

According to some readers’ feedback, the debate will not bring about any benefit to Malaysians.

What will benefit Malaysians and Malaysia is a debate between the Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak and Opposition Leader Anwar Ibrahim. These are currently the two men who can shape the political landscape and future of the country because they are in positions of political power. Not Lim or, worse still, porno Chua.

Interestingly, Lim wrote this: “I wish to stress that I am willing to debate in English or Bahasa Malaysia at another slot similar to my debate in 1991 with Datuk Seri Ong Tee Keat where two debates were held, one in Mandarin and the other in English. I have appointed my political secretary and Komtar ADUN YB Ng Weik Aik to finalise debate arrangements and details with MCA as well as DAPSY National Chair Rasah MP YB Anthony Loke to handle the logistics of the debate.”

Interesting because Lim remembers the 1991 debate and had also proposed that Ong be appointed the moderator of the debate.

Of course the MCA and MCA’s Institute of Strategic Analysis and Policy Research (Insap) and Asian Strategy & Leadership Institute (Asli) immediately rejected the proposal, out of fear or what? Isn’t Ong still a MCA member and a BN man?

Imagine the irony of a DAP leader, in this case Lim, having the confidence to propose a former MCA president and a MCA member to be the moderator but not the MCA?

Ong, the current Pandan MP, is an acknowledged orator who is fluent in Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin and English – perhaps also in that order of strength.

Ong has also accepted many inivitations recently to engage in debates with the DAP, not organised by the DAP but third parties like news organisations.

For the benefit of those who don’t remember what happened in August 1991 at the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur Chinese Assembly Hall, Lim (then the DAP Youth chief) and Ong (then a MCA Youth secretary-general and a central committee member) debated for two consecutive nights for three hours each night, attracting 5,000 people.

Two Federal Reserve Unit platoons were present to control law and order but nothing untoward happened.

And it was Lim who challenged Ong to debate on the topic “Who is the political parasite, MCA or DAP?.

Ong accepted Lim’s challenge without any conditions or choice of moderator or choice of language. Not splitting hairs over restrictions or whatever.

ORIGINAL POST : FMT

Abused Drugs & their Effects

Drug abuse is a very common problem in most countries

Heroin
(diacetylmorphine or morphine diacetate (INN)), also known as diamorphine (BAN)

Systematic (IUPAC) name : (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate
Formula : C21H23NO5 

Heroin is an opiate processed directly from the extracts of the opium poppy. It was originally created to help cure people of addiction to morphine. Upon crossing the blood-brain barrier, which occurs soon after introduction of the drug into the bloodstream, heroin is converted into morphine, which mimics the action of endorphins, creating a sense of well-being; the characteristic euphoria has been described as an “orgasm” centered in the gut. One of the most common methods of heroin use is via intravenous injection.

Cocaine
(benzoylmethylecgonine)

Systematic (IUPAC) name : methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3- (benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane-2-carboxylate

Formula : C17H21NO4

Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. It is both a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy. It is most often used recreationally for this effect. Cocaine is a potent central nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours, depending upon the dosage of cocaine taken, purity, and method of administration. The initial signs of stimulation are hyperactivity, restlessness, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate and euphoria. The euphoria is sometimes followed by feelings of discomfort and depression and a craving to experience the drug again. Sexual interest and pleasure can be amplified. Side effects can include twitching, paranoia, and impotence, which usually increases with frequent usage.

Methamphetamine
also known as methamfetamine (INN),[2] N-methylamphetamine, methylamphetamine, and desoxyephedrine. Common aka ICE

Systematic (IUPAC) name : N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine

Formula : C10H15N

Methamphetamime, popularly shortened to meth or ice, is a psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug. Methamphetamine enters the brain and triggers a cascading release of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Since it stimulates the mesolimbic reward pathway, causing euphoria and excitement, it is prone to abuse and addiction. Users may become obsessed or perform repetitive tasks such as cleaning, hand-washing, or assembling and disassembling objects. Withdrawal is characterized by excessive sleeping, eating and depression-like symptoms, often accompanied by anxiety and drug-craving.

Crack Cocaine
also be termed rock, hard, iron, cavvy, base, or just crack; it is the most addictive form of cocaine.

Crack cocaine, often nicknamed “crack”, is believed to have been created and made popular during the early 1980s . Because of the dangers for manufacturers of using ether to produce pure freebase cocaine, producers began to omit the step of removing the freebase precipitate from the ammonia mixture. Typically, filtration processes are also omitted. Baking soda is now most often used as a base rather than ammonia for reasons of lowered odor and toxicity; however, any weak base can be used to make crack cocaine. When commonly “cooked” the ratio is 1:1 to 2:3 parts cocaine/bicarbonate.

LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD-25, also known as lysergide

Systematic (IUPAC) name : (6aR,9R)- N,N- diethyl- 7-methyl- 4,6,6a,7,8,9- hexahydroindolo- [4,3-fg] quinoline- 9-carboxamide

Formula : C20H25N3O

Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, LSD-25, or acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family. Arguably the most regarded of all psychedelics, it is considered mainly as a recreational drug, an entheogen, and a tool in use to supplement various types of exercises for transcendence including in meditation, psychonautics, and illegal psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered or not. LSD’s psychological effects (colloquially called a “trip”) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength. They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time passes during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long term psychoemotional effects; some users cite the LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective. Widely different effects emerge based on what Leary called set and setting; the “set” being the general mindset of the user, and the “setting” being the physical and social environment in which the drug’s effects are experienced.

Ecstasy
MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Systematic (IUPAC) name : (RS)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine

Formula : C11H15NO2

Ecstasy (MDMA) is a semisynthetic psychedelic entactogen of the phenethylamine family that is much less visual with more stimulant like effects than most all other common “trip” producing psychedelics. It is considered mainly a recreational drug that’s often used with sex and associated with club drugs, as an entheogen, and a tool in use to supplement various types of practices for transcendence including in meditation, psychonautics, and illicit psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered or not. The primary effects of MDMA include an increased awareness of the senses, feelings of openness, euphoria, empathy, love,happiness, heightened self-awareness, feeling of mental clarity and an increased appreciation of music and movement. Tactile sensations are enhanced for some users, making physical contact with others more pleasurable. Other side effects, such as jaw clenching and elevated pulse, are common.

Opium
Opium (poppy tears, lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy

Opium is a resinous narcotic formed from the latex released by lacerating (or “scoring”) the immature seed pods of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It contains up to 16% morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of purified, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids with progressively stronger effect, and by other general anesthesia. This process began in 1817, when Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner reported the isolation of pure morphine from opium after at least thirteen years of research and a nearly disastrous trial on himself and three boys.

Marijuana
Cannabis, also known as marijuana
Cannabis, known as marijuana in its herbal form, is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa. Humans have been consuming cannabis since prehistory, although in the 20th century there was a rise in its use for recreational, religious or spiritual, and medicinal purposes. It is estimated that about four percent of the world’s adult population use cannabis annually. It has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, usually by smoking or ingestion. The minimum amount of THC required to have a perceptible psychoactive effect is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. The state of intoxication due to cannabis consumption is colloquially known as a “high”; it is the state where mental and physical facilities are noticeably altered due to the consumption of cannabis. Each user experiences a different high, and the nature of it may vary upon factors such as potency, dose, chemical composition, method of consumption and set and setting.

Psilocybin Mushrooms
Psilocybin mushrooms are fungi that contain the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Most common being shrooms and magic mushrooms

Psilocybin mushrooms (also called psilocybian mushrooms) are fungi that contain the psychedelic substances psilocybin and psilocin, and occasionally other psychoactive tryptamines. There are multiple colloquial terms for psilocybin mushrooms, the most common being magic mushrooms or ‘shrooms. When psilocybin is ingested, it is broken down to produce psilocin, which is responsible for the hallucinogenic effects. The intoxicating effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms typically last anywhere from 3 to 7 hours depending on dosage, preparation method and personal metabolism. The experience is typically inwardly oriented, with strong visual and auditory components. Visions and revelations may be experienced, and the effect can range from exhilarating to distressing. There can be also a total absence of effects, even with large doses.

PCP
Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine), commonly initialized as PCP and known colloquially as angel dust

Systematic (IUPAC) name : 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine

Formula : C17H25N

PCP (Phencyclidine) is a dissociative drug formerly used as an anesthetic agent, exhibiting hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. It is commonly known as Angel Dust, but is also known as Wet, Sherm, Sherman Hemsley, Rocket Fuel, Ashy Larry, Shermans Tank, Wack, Halk Hogan, Ozone, HannaH, Hog, Manitoba Shlimbo, and Embalming Fluid, among other names. Although the primary psychoactive effects of the drug only last hours, total elimination from the body is prolonged, typically extending over weeks. PCP is consumed in a recreational manner by drug users, mainly in the United States, where the demand is met by illegal production. It comes in both powder and liquid forms (PCP base dissolved most often in ether), but typically it is sprayed onto leafy material such as marijuana, mint, oregano, parsley or Ginger Leaves, and smoked. PCP has potent effects on the nervous system altering perceptual functions (hallucinations, delusional ideas, delirium or confused thinking), motor functions (unsteady gait, loss of coordination, and disrupted eye movement or nystagmus), and autonomic nervous system regulation (rapid heart rate, altered temperature regulation). The drug has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion causing some individuals to become detached and others to become animated.

Introduction to sushi rice recipe

Let’s begin with something simple. There are pretty much two types of rice. Thin and Fat (Short Grain Rice). Thin rice just won’t do. So the rice that you need is a fat looking one. To make rice for sushi you will only need sushi rice and sushi vinegar.

How to prepare Sushi Rice
Put two tea cups of rice (considering that each cup is 250 ml) in the saucepan or bowl and pour two times as much water to cover all the rice.

Let the rice stay in the water for about 20 to 30 minutes. This will let the rice to become supple and the rice won’t break that much when you wash it.

Rice has changed in color to totally white.As soon as 30 minutes has passed, pour out the water and fill with fresh water. Now use your hand and with slow circular movement wash the rice.

Pour out the turbid water and pour fresh water again.Repeat these steps a few times, until you see that the water is clear enough. Now pour out all the water out of the bowl / saucepan. Put the rice into colander and let it stay for about two minutes.

Put rice into the saucepan and add two and half cups of water. So basically it is two cups of rice on two and 1/2 cups of water or for 500 ml of rice you will need about 650 ml of water.

You may also use a cup of rice for one cup of water formula. However, when you cook and feel that the rice is burning add more water (add only hot water from electric boiler). Just don’t put too much water, otherwise the rice will be very watery and will look like a pap.

Put the saucepan on the gas-stove and make sure you use a tight fitting lid. It is great if your lid is made out of glass. This way you can watch all the process and adjust the heat.

How to cook rice in a Sausepan

Use Teflon covered saucepans. Well, there are also aluminum ones (old ones) and stainless steel saucepans. Forget about aluminum ones. Stainless still saucepans are not good because the rice will burn to them and you will have a hard time removing burned rice from the surface.

Two methods on how to cook | make sushi rice

First method. Bring rice and water to the boil on medium high heat with the lid OFF; be careful not to let rice to boil over. Stir with rice paddle, and turn down heat very low. Place lid on pan. Cook the rice for 15 to 20 minutes.

Second method. Bring rice and water to the boil on medium heat with the lid ON. As soon as you see that the rice begins to boil, lower the heat and cook the rice for 15 to 20 minutes.

Take off the lid and taste the rice. The rice should not be dry inside, it should be soft.

If the rice is not ready yet, make sure that you put back the lid ON. If the rice is ready, turn off the heat and let the rice stay in the saucepan for about 10 to 20 minutes.

Best to keep it for 10 minutes in the saucepan with lid on and then open the lid and let it stay for three or four minutes without it.

Take out the cooked rice and put it into a large non-metallic bowl.

Now you will need Rice Vinegar.Sprinkle the rice vinegar over the rice. 

IMPORTANT! Don’t put too much Vinegar. Two to three tablespoons will be enough, four is MAX. If you put too much, the rice will become sour and you will have to start over.

To spread the vinegar evenly through the rice, slide the rice paddle down the side of the bowl, lift and fold the rice. Slowly cut through the rice with the edge of the paddle and fold the rice.

Stop, when you will feel that the rice became harder to fold. It is important to do this process as soon as you have moved the rice from the saucepan to the bowl. When you are done; cover the bowl with a cotton towel and let the rice to cool to between body and room temperature.

Now you are ready to make sushi.

Key points Summary:

• To prevent too much water evaporation; make sure the lid is tight when using a saucepan.
•  Carefully and accurately measure rice and water ingredients.
•  Don’t overcook or undercook your rice.
•  When water begins to boil, turn the heat to low and keep the lid on.

Basic ingredients for sushi making

These are the most common basic ingredients to use.

• Avokado
• Salt Salmon
• Crab Sticks
• Paprika – Yellow Pepper

How to Prepare Maki Nori | Sushi Rice on Nori

To prepare maki nori, we will need: rice, nori, some water (mix with little vinegar), sushi rolling mat and a paddle.

One side of Nori for Sushi is smooth and the other one is rough. Apply rice on the rough side of the Nori, otherwise rice won’t stick.

Many sushi makers use hands, It's advisable that you use a wooden paddle, it is easer to apply the rice with a paddle. Keep the paddle wet all the time, this way the rice won’t stick to it.

Evenly spread the rice. It is easer to apply rice on side, then middle. Be gently, otherwise the Nori may tear in the middle or on the side

The thickness is about 4 to 6 milimeters (about 1/5 or 1/6 of an inch). If you add too much rice, your sushi will be huge.

Leave a small part of Nori empty, about half of an inch will do.It will be used as a locking device for sushi rolls.

Preparation of Ingredients for Maki sushi roll | California sushi roll

Snow Crab sticks almost an inch wide.
Peel the Avocado and cut it in half. Cut one side into slices of 5 – 6 centimeters. Then slice avocado into sticks.
Trout – Salmon Fat is removed.

How to make Maki Sushi Roll

Making a simple style Maki Sushi. Ingredients: Salt Salmon(Trout), Crab Sticks and Avokado.

A few pieces of salmon under crab sticks and Avokado beside crab stick.

Here is an important part. You will have to tighten the roll. The idea is simple, if you ever had a scroll and wanted to make it smaller in diameter, what did you do? You pressed and rolled it inside. Use the same method, pull the bended part towards yourself and try to make the inside rice to stick to each other. As soon as you tightened the side of the roll, carefully roll the whole thing. If you don’t tighten the roll enough all ingredients will fall out when you cut the roll.

Sometimes ingredients may come out if you press too hard, usually it is avocado or crab stick, so use your fingers to place things back.

This is the last part. Make sure you wet the whole roll. Take the roll in left hand, wet your second hand and spread the water, until the whole Roll looks wet. The reason behind is to make Nori soft, if you skip this process the Nori will be hard to chew. When you are done place a roll on the clean dry plate

How to Prepare | Make California Rolls

The folowing items needed: sushi mat, couch roll, prepared nori with rice, plate with water and ingredients that will go into the roll.

Pour some water on the couch roll and use your hand to spread the water. It is done to reduce the stickiness of the rice.

Place Nori with rice upside down (rice in the bottom, nori on top)

Slowly bend.

Use strength to tighten the roll and force the rice to stick to Nori. Try make it as tight as possible, just don’t overdo it.

When you got the rice to stick to Nori, slowly pull out the plastic couch.

How to Fry Sesame Seeds for Sushi

Place a frying pan on the gas stove and turn the heat on medium. You will have to wait until the frying pan gets warm. Then, place sesame seed on the warm frying pan (do not use oil). Use a paddle to mix sesame seeds or just lift the frying pan and shake it a bit, in a few minutes you will notices that seeds are changing in color to light brown.

How to add sesame seeds to California Rolls

Take a clean plate and put sesame seeds in it. Don’t put too much otherwise your roll will be totally covered in seeds and you won’t feel the taste of the sushi. Seeds have a strong aroma and taste.

Put the roll into the plate and roll back and forward.

Use your hand to spread the seeds evenly.

How to cut California Sushi Roll | Maki Sushi Roll

Finally the last step in sushi is cutting. Sushi is being cut in the middle then sides.

Make sure the knife is wet. The wet knife will easily slice through sushi. Do you see small drops of water on the knife?

With each next cut the knife will slower and slower slice through sushi. You will notice that the knife is covered in sushi rice.

Wipe the knife and wet it. Repeat this step for each roll or more.

MOST IMPORTANT !!!
Serve with Kikkoman Soy Sauce and Wasabi